Then you will be able to click on the navigation buttons again. If you see the cursor turn into a spinning wheel, just wait for your password to be verified. Try first- before clicking on anything, just type in your password. In full screen there's no visible dialogue box (it's hidden behind the full screen application).
If you use a screen saver with password protection, and you leave the computer in full-screen mode after leaving for work (or falling asleep binge-wacthing Netflix), you must enter your password in order to regain control. The solution was simple and intuitive (but it required false starts and force quits to realize it with a seemingly frozen keyboard): All the solutions I have researched so far are for obsolete versions of Chrome, or the workarounds were too awkward or involved for most users.